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Bailout embeddings and Neutrally Buoyant particles in three-dimensional flows

Cartwright, J.H.E.; Magnasco, M.O.; Piro, O. and Tuval, I.
Physical Review Letters 89, 264501 (2002)

We use the bailout embeddings of three-dimensional volume-preserving maps to study qualitatively the dynamics of small spherical neutrally buoyant impurities suspended in a time-periodic incompressible fluid flow. The accumulation of impurities in tubular vortical structures, the detachment of particles from fluid trajectories near hyperbolic invariant lines, and the formation of nontrivial three-dimensional structures in the distribution of particles are predicted.