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Two-dimensional front dynamics and spatial solitons in a nonlinear optical system

Pesch, M.; Lange, W.; Gomila, D.; Ackemann, T.; Firth, W.J.; Oppo, G.-L.
Physical Review Letters 99, 153902 (1-4) (2007)

Two-dimensional fronts and coarsening dynamics with a t^1/2 power law are analyzed experimentally and theoretically in a nonlinear optical system of a sodium vapor cell with single-mirror feedback. Modifications of the t^1/2 power law are observed in the vicinity of a modulational instability leading to the formation of spatial solitons of different sizes. The experimental and numerical observations give direct evidence for the locking of fronts as the mechanism of soliton formation. A phenomenological equation for the dynamics of the radius of circular domains explains the observed behavior.