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Mode-locking dynamics in electrically-driven vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Mulet, Josep; Balle, Salvador
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 41, 1148-1156 (2005)

We develop a novel description of electrically-driven vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers (VECSELs) mode-locked by saturable absorber mirrors. Our approach is based on an analytical solution of the bidirectional traveling-wave equations for fundamental transverse mode operation. The resulting time-domain equations describe the evolution of the electric fields and carrier-densities at the quantum well layers of the emitter and absorber structures which are coupled through delayed boundary conditions. For the design considered, we obtain stable mode-locked pulses of few tens of picoseconds at 15 GHz repetition rate in agreement with recently reported experimental results.